The Justice System

Introduction

The Canadian justice system guarantees due process under the law.

The system is based on the presumption of innocence: everyone is innocent until proven guilty in criminal matters.

Canada's legal system is built on the rule of law, freedom under the law, democratic principles, and due process.

Due process ensures that the government respects all legal rights a person is entitled to.

Canada’s laws apply to everyone, including judges, politicians, and police.

Laws are made by elected representatives, courts settle disputes, and police enforce the laws.

The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court in the country.

Federal Court of Canada handles cases involving the federal government.

Provinces have appeal courts, trial courts (e.g., Court of Queen's Bench), and specialized courts for family, traffic, and small claims.

The police keep people safe and enforce the law. You can ask for help in situations like accidents, theft, or assaults.

There are different types of police in Canada:

- Provincial police: in Ontario and Quebec.

- Municipal police: present in all provinces.

- Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP): enforce federal laws across Canada and serve as provincial police in areas outside Ontario and Quebec.

Police conduct can be questioned, and most forces have processes to address concerns.

Lawyers help with legal problems and represent individuals in court.

Legal aid services are available for free or at a low cost if you cannot afford a lawyer.